Archive for the ‘Ekonomi-Politik’ Category

4
Feb

China: Ready to dominate the world of science?

   Posted by: Emre Sevinc

Whenever I think of the best science centers in the world USA and EU states come to my mind. However after having read a very short article at NewScientist (’Get ready for China’s domination of science‘) , I began to wonder how long USA and EU would keep on being the attraction centers for the brightest minds. Take a look at the facts below and decide for yourself:

- Data from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development shows that between 1995 and 2006, China’s gross expenditure on R&D (GERD) grew at an annual rate of 18 per cent. China now ranks third on GERD, just behind the US and Japan and ahead of any individual European Union state.

- China’s student population has reportedly reached 25 million, up from just 5 million nine years ago. China now has 1700 higher education institutions, around 100 of which make up the “Project 211″ group. These elite institutions train four-fifths of PhD students, two-thirds of graduate students and one-third of undergraduates.

- In 1998, China’s research output was around 20,000 articles per year. In 2006 it reached 83,000, overtaking the traditional science powerhouses of Japan, Germany and the UK. Last year it exceeded 120,000 articles, second only to the US’s 350,000.

- China produces 10 per cent of the world’s publications in engineering, computer sciences and earth sciences, including minerals. It now also produces 20 per cent of global output in materials sciences, with a leading position in composites, ceramics and polymer science and a strong presence in crystallography and metallurgical engineering.

- China is not doing science behind closed doors; its international collaborations are growing. Nearly 9 per cent of papers originating from Chinese institutions have a US-based co-author. Japanese and British co-authorship is also growing. Collaboration with South Korea and Singapore almost trebled between 2004 and 2008 and collaboration with Australia expanded too – signs, perhaps, of an emerging Asia-Pacific regional network.

Unesco raporu - Türkiyenin durumu - büyütmek için tıklayın

Unesco raporu - Türkiye'nin durumu - büyütmek için tıklayın

UNESCO’nun 2010 eğitim raporu ile ilgili NTVMSNBC’de bir haber çıktı (”Kürt kızların okula gitme oranı Senegal’den az” başlığı ile) geçenlerde ve alışık olduğumuz üzere raporun özgün haline bir bağlantı yok. Asıl kaynaklarla çalışmaya alışsak pek çok açıdan iyi olacak herhalde.

Raporun özgün sayfası: http://www.unesco.org/en/efareport/reports/2010-marginalization/

Habere konu olan basın duyurusunun adresi: http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=47232&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

Haber duyurusunda habere konu olan metin:

Language and ethnicity often reinforce marginalization. Turkey has made rapid progress in education, but Kurdish-speaking females from poor households average around three years in school, which is on a par with the national average for Chad.

NTVMSNBC haberinde geçen ifade ise şöyle:

UNESCO raporuna göre, yoksulluk, cinsiyet, dil ve kültür farklılıkları bu eşitsizlikte etkili. Eğitim sisteminden en fazla dışlanan grup ise Kürt kızları. Kürt kızların okula gitme oranı Senegal ortalmasının bile altında.

Çeviri problemlerini ayrıca bir kenara not etmek gerekir ama şimdilik ana tema bu değil elbette. Biz özgün kaynakları göstermeye devam edelim:

Rapor için kullanılan veri setleri: http://www.unesco.org/en/efareport/dme/
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FT’nin bugünkü nüshasında Turkey’s Ottoman mission başlıklı manidar bir yorum yazısı çıktı. AB’ni başına Belçika’lı Van Rompuy’un gelmesi haberinin hemen ardından yayımlanan makalede dikkatimi çeken bölümlerin yanısıra bir de çok basit bir grafik vardı:

Krizden sonra Türkiyenin AB ve orta doğu ticaretindeki değişim

Krizden sonra Türkiye'nin AB ve orta doğu ticaretindeki değişim

Dikkatimi çeken kısımları da buraya not edeyim:

“Turkey has long mattered – as Nato ally, friend of Israel, EU applicant and energy route to the west. But its growing economic strength and diplomatic reach give it influence over some of the toughest issues facing Washington and other capitals: from frozen conflicts in the Caucasus to Iran’s nuclear ambitions to the threat of disintegration in Iraq. “We are neither surprised by nor disturbed by an activist Turkish agenda in the Middle East,” Philip Gordon, assistant secretary at the US state department, said in Ankara this month.
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I just wanted to learn a bit about the GDP of countries and how they compared to each other. Belgium seems to rank 10th worldwide and in EU:

GDP per Capita – Belgium Compared to Continent

List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita

Another interesting data point was a piece of news from Ars Technica: Americans pay 5 times more than the Dutch for wireless. “A new OECD survey highlights the massive disparity in wireless service costs across countries. Americans pay significantly more than their counterparts in Sweden and the Netherlands for mobile broadband.”

“There are many differences between Turkey and France. But are the differences increasing or decreasing? From a public health perspective, the answer is obvious, Turkey is catching up.

Even if the population growth is still faster in Turkey than in France, the number of children per women today is almost the same, which means that the polulation growth in Turkey will slow down.”

Source: Gapminder – Turkey vs. France